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ESD Pore-Scale Research among First Challenges to Edison3 min read

by ESD News and Events on February 7, 2014

Fundamental Earth Sciences Program Area Geochemistry Department Research Highlight

Source: Sergi Molins

Fig1_porescale

Figure 1: Top: Digitally reconstructed calcite grain pack from 3D synchrotron X-ray microtomography at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Bottom: pH contours in a diffusion-dominated numerical experiment involving the infiltration of high CO2 water into the same calcite grain pack. The simulation was carried out on the NERSC supercomputer Edison and consisted of about 1.6 billion grid cells with 1 micron spatial resolution.

Before any supercomputer is accepted at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), scientists are invited to put the system through its paces during an “early science” phase. The new-generation pore-scale flow and reactive transport model developed at the ESD-led DOE Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) for Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2 was among those chosen to test the capabilities of NERSC’s new supercomputer Edison (Related story: “Early Edison Users Deliver Results”).

Pore_scale_staff

Left to right: Sergi Molins, Carl Steefel & Jonathan Ajo-Franklin

ESD scientists Sergi Molins, Carl Steefel, Jonathan Ajo-Franklin, and Li Yang are collaborating with Computational Research Division scientists David Trebotich and Terry Ligocki on the problem of subsurface geological carbon sequestration (Related story: “Modeling Pore-Scale Geological Carbon Sequestration”). The first-of its-kind simulation of pore-scale reactive transport processes associated with CO2 injection and sequestration uses a centimeter-long capillary tube filled with crushed calcite (calcium carbonate) as an experimental and computational analogue of a flow path through the subsurface. The capillary tube is infiltrated by a high-CO2 solution, which reacts with the calcite as it flows through the tube and dissolves it, raising the solution pH and releasing calcium into the solution. The high-resolution pore-scale simulations (which solve the Navier-Stokes equations with a resolution of 1 micron, together with the multicomponent reactive-transport equations for the chemical system) are able to capture the micron-scale hydrodynamic and diffusion boundary layers at interfaces between reactive calcite grains and the flowing solution (Figure 1).

While earlier simulations were successfully performed on Hopper,  NERSC’s previous flagship system, the unprecedented spatial resolution  and process fidelity of the model has very large memory requirements:  the simulation generates datasets of one terabyte for just a single 100  ms time step. Edison’s high memory-per-node architecture means that more  of each calculation (and the resulting temporary data) can be stored  close to the processors working on it. As a result, simulations on  Edison are running 2.5 times faster than on Hopper, reducing the time it  takes to get a solution from months to just weeks.

This research was carried out as part of the DOE Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) for Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2. Important additional support came in the form of SciDAC-e ARRA funding that builds on years of algorithm and software development at LBNL within the SciDAC (ASCR) program in DOE. The Center is headed by Associate Lab Director Don DePaolo and is a collaborative effort led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory that includes three other national laboratories and four universities. The extreme computing results shown here have been recently highlighted by NERSC [2] and have been included in the FY15 DOE ASCR budget narrative submitted for Congressional approval [3].

Related Citations:

Steefel, C.I., S. Molins, and D. Trebotich (2013), Pore scale processes associated with subsurface CO2 injection and sequestration. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 77.

NERSC 2012 Annual Review.  “New Model Will Help Predict Stability of CO2 Reservoirs.” Science at scale highlight. to appear. http://www.nersc.gov/news-publications/publications-reports/nersc-annual-reports/

FY15 Budget Request to Congress, “Massively-Parallel Simulations Verify Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Experiments”, to appear, http://science.energy.gov/ascr/about/ascr-budget/

Funding Source: BES, EFRC-NCGC

News & Events

EESA scientist co-authors new comprehensive guide on ways to remove CO2 from the atmosphere2 min read

January 18, 2021

Berkeley Lab researchers are working on ways to sequester more carbon in soil, including through agricultural practices. (Credit: Berkeley Lab) Scientists say that any serious plan to address climate change should include carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies and policies, which makes the newly launched CDR Primer an especially vital resource, says Berkeley Lab scientist Margaret Torn, one…

New EESA research explores impact of land-use policy on California’s terrestrial carbon and greenhouse gas budget3 min read

January 12, 2021

The 28 million acres of natural and working lands across California provide a unique opportunity to meet greenhouse gas emission reduction goals through various land-use strategies, such as expanding urban forest areas or restoring woodlands. However, the need to mitigate wildfire severity is also a critical priority for California, and one that can increase emissions…

Impacts of Climate Change on Our Water and Energy Systems: It’s Complicated5 min read

January 11, 2021

As the planet continues to warm, the twin challenges of diminishing water supply and growing energy demand are intensifying. But because water and energy are inextricably linked, as we try to adapt to one challenge – say, by getting more water via desalination or water recycling – we may be worsening the other challenge by…

New Study: Are Drylands Getting Drier?1 min read

January 5, 2021

EESA visiting postdoctoral fellow Sha Zhou led a recent study exploring why climate models do not project drylands will become substantially drier with climate change as scientists have long believed. A paper published yesterday in the journal Nature Climate Change, “Soil moisture-atmosphere feedbacks mitigate declining water availability in drylands,” describes the importance of long-term changes…

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