This project aims to evaluate whether addition of silicate materials (rock dust and/or clean industrial by-products) to rice agriculture can have two simultaneously climate benefits, namely decreasing methane emissions while increasing soil carbon storage. The work proposed herein focuses on three tasks: 1) mesocosm experiments for evaluating key variables; 2) reactive transport modeling for process understanding and parameter space exploration beyond what is possible experimentally; 3) assessment of scale up impact potential and field trial planning.