Moderator: Jens Birkholzer (LBNL)
There are multiple ways to achieve safe and effective long-term isolation, and many concepts can work well. Different geological media have been proposed and explored for deep geologic disposal of radioactive wastes. In many countries and over a long time, considerable efforts have gone into understanding various potential disposal media. Read more>>

Moderator: Tom Isaacs
During the 2000s, dry storage systems were used in many countries. Spent nuclear-reactor fuel is being moved from the spent-fuel pools where it must spend its first few years to on-site dry-cask storage canisters. This technology is now mature, with several vendors and many years of experience in manufacturing, installation, and monitoring. Read more>>

Moderator: David Sassani (SNL)
For many years, the idea of using very deep boreholes to dispose of radioactive waste has been discussed, and several specific design ideas have been developed on paper. Several deep boreholes were drilled, for example, the deep borehole technology was tested many years ago in Soviet times, when the USSR used very deep boreholes to dispose of various radioactive wastes at sites in central Russia. Read more>>

Panel: Peter Swift (SNL) and Mark Jensen (NWMO, Canada)
For a mined repository for deep geologic disposal of radioactive wastes, various countries have adopted (or proposed) a variety of different durations for the period of regulatory concern. This is defined as the period over which the repository’s performance must be demonstrated in order to obtain a regulatory approval to proceed with the repository. Read more>>