The use of artificial intelligence to help collect, understand, and analyze large sets of information has the potential to revolutionize our ability to observe, understand, and predict processes in the Earth’s systems. In the age of ‘Big Data,’ we are developing research that utilizes modern computational tools to accelerate scientific discovery and enable accurate, agile decision-making. This research makes use of machine learning, data sciences, informatics, and data management to advance state-of-the-art Earth science observations, modeling, and theory.